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    <li><a href="#我的自定义按钮">我的自定义按钮</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#键盘操作">键盘操作</a></li>
        <li><a href="#更进一步"><strong>更进一步……</strong></a></li>
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    <article class="post">
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            <h1 class="post-title">Flutter使用“FocusableActionDetector”构建自定义控件</h1>
        </header>
        <date class="post-meta meta-date">
            2021年9月6日
        </date>
        
        <div class="post-meta">
            <span>|</span>
            
            <span class="meta-category"><a href='/categories/Flutter'>Flutter</a></span>
            
            <span class="meta-category"><a href='/categories/dart'>dart</a></span>
            
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            <span id="busuanzi_container_page_pv">|<span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span><span>
                    阅读</span></span>
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        <div class="post-content">
            <p>在 Flutter 中构建自定义 UI 控件时，很容易只使用 a<code>GestureDetector</code>并称其为一天，但这样做将是错误的！特别是如果您打算使用鼠标或键盘等替代输入来支持用户。</p>
<p>事实证明，为各种输入制作一个行为“正确”的 UI 控件比仅仅检测点击要复杂得多。一般来说，您创建的每个控件都需要以下功能：</p>
<ul>
<li>悬停状态</li>
<li>焦点状态(用于 Tab 键或箭头键遍历)</li>
<li>改变鼠标光标的区域</li>
<li>[Space] 和 [Enter] 键(或其他键)的键处理程序</li>
</ul>
<p>传统上，你可以创建一个通过组成部件包括一个大的块<code>Focus</code>，<code>Actions</code>，<code>Shortcuts</code>和<code>MouseRegion</code>。这有效，但有很多样板和缩进。幸运的是，Flutter 为此提供了一个专门的小部件：<code>FocusableActionDetector</code>.</p>
<p><code>FocusableActionDetector</code>联合收割机 <code>Focus</code>，<code>Actions</code>，<code>Shortcuts</code>和<code>MouseRegion</code> 为一体，并且使用相当严重内部扑SDK，包括材料<code>DatePicker</code>，<code>Switch</code>，<code>Checkbox</code>，<code>Radio</code>和<code>Slider</code>控制。</p>
<p>自己使用它是相当简单的。让我们看看我们如何使用这个小部件构建一个完全自定义的按钮。</p>
<p>**注意：**要遵循代码，请在此处查看要点：<a href="https://gist.github.com/esDotDev/04a6301a3858769d4baf5ab1230f7fa2">https</a> : <a href="https://gist.github.com/esDotDev/04a6301a3858769d4baf5ab1230f7fa2">//gist.github.com/esDotDev/04a6301a3858769d4baf5ab1230f7fa2</a></p>
<h2 id="我的自定义按钮">我的自定义按钮</h2>
<p>首先，创建一个<code>StatefulWidget</code>可以容纳您<code>_isFocused</code>和<code>_isHovered</code>状态的对象。我们还将创建一个<code>FocusNode</code>我们可以使用它来请求对新闻的关注，这是按钮的常见行为。还要创建一些典型<code>onPressed</code>和<code>label</code>字段来配置按钮。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart"><span style="color:#66d9ef">class</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">MyCustomButton</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">extends</span> StatefulWidget {
  <span style="color:#960050;background-color:#1e0010">@</span>override
  State<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>MyCustomButton<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> createState() <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> _MyCustomButtonState();
}
<span style="color:#66d9ef">class</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">_MyCustomButtonState</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">extends</span> State<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>MyCustomButton<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> {
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">bool</span> _isHovered <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">false</span>;
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">bool</span> _isFocused <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">false</span>;
  FocusNode _focusNode <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> FocusNode();
  <span style="color:#960050;background-color:#1e0010">@</span>override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
     <span style="color:#75715e">// TODO:
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  }
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">void</span> _handlePressed() {
    _focusNode.requestFocus();
    widget.onPressed();
  }
}
</code></pre></div><p>因为我们正在制作一个按钮，所以我们将添加一些基本的配置选项：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart"> <span style="color:#66d9ef">const</span> MyCustomButton({Key<span style="color:#f92672">?</span> key, required <span style="color:#66d9ef">this</span>.onPressed, required <span style="color:#66d9ef">this</span>.label}) <span style="color:#f92672">:</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">super</span>(key: key);
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">final</span> VoidCallback onPressed;
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">final</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">String</span> label;
</code></pre></div><p>现在剩下的就是填写<code>build()</code>方法。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart">Widget build(BuildContext context) {
<span style="color:#75715e">// Change visuals based on focus/hover state
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>Color outlineColor <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> _isFocused <span style="color:#f92672">?</span> Colors.black <span style="color:#f92672">:</span> Colors.transparent;
Color bgColor <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> _isHovered <span style="color:#f92672">?</span> Colors.blue.shade100 <span style="color:#f92672">:</span> Colors.white;
<span style="color:#75715e">// Use `GestureDetector` to handle taps
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span><span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> GestureDetector(
  onTap: _handlePressed,
  <span style="color:#75715e">// Focus Actionable Detector
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  child: FocusableActionDetector(
    focusNode: _focusNode,
    <span style="color:#75715e">// Set mouse cursor
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    mouseCursor: SystemMouseCursors.click,
    <span style="color:#75715e">// Rebuild with hover/focus changes
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    onShowFocusHighlight: (v) <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> setState(() <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> _isFocused <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> v),
    onShowHoverHighlight: (v) <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> setState(() <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> _isHovered <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> v),
    <span style="color:#75715e">// Button Content
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    child: Container(
      padding: <span style="color:#66d9ef">const</span> EdgeInsets.all(<span style="color:#ae81ff">8</span>),
      child: Text(widget.label),
      decoration: BoxDecoration(
        color: bgColor,
        border: Border.all(color: outlineColor, width: <span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span>),
      ),
    ),
  ),
);
</code></pre></div><p>在上面的代码中，请注意您仍然需要包装 a<code>GestureDetector</code>来检测点击。此外，请注意如何根据悬停/焦点状态更改 ui 的外观。</p>
<h3 id="键盘操作">键盘操作</h3>
<p>任何控件的最后一步是键盘绑定。<strong>默认情况下，大多数操作系统控件支持 [Space] 和 [Enter] 以“提交”</strong>。您可以通过<code>ActivateIntent</code>在<code>.actions</code>现场连接内置模块来做到这一点：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart">FocusableActionDetector(
  <span style="color:#75715e">// Hook up the built-in `ActivateIntent` to submit on [Enter] and [Space]
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  actions: {
    ActivateIntent: CallbackAction<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>Intent<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span>(onInvoke: (_) <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> _handlePressed()),
  },
  child: ...
),
</code></pre></div><p>***注意：*<em>您可以创建自己的自定义<a href="https://api.flutter.dev/flutter/widgets/Action-class.html">操作和意图，</a>但大多数情况下默认<code>ActivateIntent</code>就足够了。</em></p>
<p>您还可以使用<code>.shortcuts</code>参数添加其他键绑定。在这里，我们将 [Ctrl + X] 绑定到相同的<code>ActivateIntent</code>. 现在我们的控件将在 [Enter]、[Space] 和 [Ctrl + X] 上提交！</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart">FocusableActionDetector(
  <span style="color:#75715e">// Add &#39;Ctrl + X&#39; key to the default [Enter] and [Space]
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  shortcuts: {
    SingleActivator(LogicalKeyboardKey.keyX, control: <span style="color:#66d9ef">true</span>)<span style="color:#f92672">:</span> ActivateIntent(),
  },
  child: ...
),
</code></pre></div><p>有了它，您就拥有了一个完全可以在桌面、Web 和移动设备上正常工作的控件！</p>
<p><!-- raw HTML omitted --><!-- raw HTML omitted --></p>
<p>TAB、ENTER、SPACE、TAPS 都按预期工作！</p>
<p>以下是新自定义按钮的完整代码：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart"><span style="color:#66d9ef">class</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">MyCustomButton</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">extends</span> StatefulWidget {
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">const</span> MyCustomButton({Key<span style="color:#f92672">?</span> key, required <span style="color:#66d9ef">this</span>.onPressed, required <span style="color:#66d9ef">this</span>.label}) <span style="color:#f92672">:</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">super</span>(key: key);
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">final</span> VoidCallback onPressed;
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">final</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">String</span> label;
  <span style="color:#960050;background-color:#1e0010">@</span>override
  State<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>MyCustomButton<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> createState() <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> _MyCustomButtonState();
}
<span style="color:#66d9ef">class</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">_MyCustomButtonState</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">extends</span> State<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>MyCustomButton<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> {
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">bool</span> _isHovered <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">false</span>;
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">bool</span> _isFocused <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">false</span>;
  FocusNode _focusNode <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> FocusNode();
  <span style="color:#960050;background-color:#1e0010">@</span>override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
<span style="color:#75715e">// Change visuals based on focus/hover state
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    Color outlineColor <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> _isFocused <span style="color:#f92672">?</span> Colors.black <span style="color:#f92672">:</span> Colors.transparent;
    Color bgColor <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> _isHovered <span style="color:#f92672">?</span> Colors.blue.shade100 <span style="color:#f92672">:</span> Colors.white;
    <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> GestureDetector(
      onTap: _handlePressed,
      child: FocusableActionDetector(
        actions: {
          ActivateIntent: CallbackAction<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>Intent<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span>(onInvoke: (_) <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> _handlePressed()),
        },
        shortcuts: {
          SingleActivator(LogicalKeyboardKey.keyX, control: <span style="color:#66d9ef">true</span>)<span style="color:#f92672">:</span> ActivateIntent(),
        },
        child: Container(
          padding: <span style="color:#66d9ef">const</span> EdgeInsets.all(<span style="color:#ae81ff">8</span>),
          child: Text(widget.label),
          decoration: BoxDecoration(
            color: bgColor,
            border: Border.all(color: outlineColor, width: <span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span>),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">void</span> _handlePressed() {
    _focusNode.requestFocus();
    widget.onPressed();
  }
}
</code></pre></div><p>要查看此运行示例以及自定义复选框示例，请查看此处：<a href="https://gist.github.com/esDotDev/04a6301a3858769d4baf5ab1230f7fa2">https</a> : <a href="https://gist.github.com/esDotDev/04a6301a3858769d4baf5ab1230f7fa2">//gist.github.com/esDotDev/04a6301a3858769d4baf5ab1230f7fa2</a></p>
<h3 id="更进一步"><strong>更进一步……</strong></h3>
<p>虽然<code>FocusableActionDetector</code>处理了一些样板文件，但对于按钮、复选框、开关等常见用例，它仍然留下了相当多的内容。 具体来说：</p>
<ul>
<li>添加 <code>GestureDetector</code></li>
<li>添加<code>ActivateIntent</code>映射</li>
<li>维护<code>isHovered</code>和<code>isFocused</code>状态</li>
<li>管理提交时的焦点请求</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>在我们看来，所有这些常见的行为都可以用某种构建器来处理。所以我们继续做了一个！</strong></p>
<p>它被称为<code>FocusableControlBuilder</code>并在此处作为一个包提供：<a href="https://pub.dev/packages/focusable_control_builder">https</a> : <a href="https://pub.dev/packages/focusable_control_builder">//pub.dev/packages/focusable_control_builder</a></p>
<p><code>FocusableControlBuilder</code>烘焙支持<code>GestureDetector</code>，管理<code>FocusNode</code>，添加<code>ActivateIntent</code>键盘支持并提供一种<code>builder</code>方法，该方法可以访问<code>control.isFocused</code>和<code>control.isHovered</code>用于构建视图。<em>呼！</em></p>
<p>对于大多数用例，这将消除大部分样板文件。按钮、复选框、切换、滑块等都可以基于这个构建器，通过不同的手势或状态来增强它。</p>
<p>如果我们转换前面的例子，它看起来像：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart"><span style="color:#66d9ef">class</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">MyCustomButton</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">extends</span> StatelessWidget {
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">const</span> MyCustomButton(<span style="color:#66d9ef">this</span>.label, {Key<span style="color:#f92672">?</span> key, required <span style="color:#66d9ef">this</span>.onPressed}) <span style="color:#f92672">:</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">super</span>(key: key);
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">final</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">String</span> label;
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">final</span> VoidCallback onPressed;
  <span style="color:#960050;background-color:#1e0010">@</span>override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> FocusableControlBuilder(
        onPressed: onPressed,
        builder: (_, FocusableControlState control) {
          Color outlineColor <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> control.isFocused <span style="color:#f92672">?</span> Colors.black <span style="color:#f92672">:</span> Colors.transparent;
          Color bgColor <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> control.isHovered <span style="color:#f92672">?</span> Colors.blue.shade100 <span style="color:#f92672">:</span> Colors.grey.shade200;
          <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> Container(
            padding: <span style="color:#66d9ef">const</span> EdgeInsets.all(<span style="color:#ae81ff">8</span>),
            child: Text(label),
            decoration: BoxDecoration(
              color: bgColor,
              border: Border.all(color: outlineColor, width: <span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span>),
            ),
          );
        });
  }
}
</code></pre></div><p>不错！我们希望你觉得这个包有用，如果你觉得有用，请在下面告诉我们！</p>

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        <li><strong>原文作者：</strong><a rel="author" href="https://luckly.work/">luckly</a></li>
        <li style="word-break:break-all"><strong>原文链接：</strong><a href="https://luckly.work/post/flutter_widget/Flutter%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8FocusableActionDetector%E6%9E%84%E5%BB%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E6%8E%A7%E4%BB%B6/">https://luckly.work/post/flutter_widget/Flutter%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8FocusableActionDetector%E6%9E%84%E5%BB%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E6%8E%A7%E4%BB%B6/</a></li>
        <li><strong>版权声明：</strong>本作品采用<a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">知识共享署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎 4.0 国际许可协议</a>进行许可，非商业转载请注明出处（作者，原文链接），商业转载请联系作者获得授权。</li>
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